The floors of the CTV Building hanging from the elevator shaft.
The damaged elevator shaft on the site of the CTV Building.
A photograph of the entrance to the Diabetes Centre on Hagley Avenue. The panelling around the elevator has been removed.
A photograph of the elevator shaft of the collapsed CTV Building. The shaft shows significant damage from fire.
A photograph of the elevator shaft of the CTV Building. The rubble from the rest of the collapsed building has been cleared away in front. Road cones and emergency tape have been placed around the tower as a cordon.
A photograph of emergency management personnel near the site of the CTV Building. The rubble from the collapsed building has been cleared, leaving only the elevator tower. Road cones and emergency tape have been placed around the tower as a cordon.
A digger at the site of the CTV Building. In the background, the elevator shaft can still be seen.
Two diggers at the site of the CTV Building. In the background, the elevator shaft can still be seen.
Piles of rubble on the site of the CTV Building. In the background, the elevator shaft can be seen.
Two diggers at the site of the CTV Building. In the background, the elevator shaft can still be seen.
Two diggers at the site of the CTV Building. In the background, the elevator shaft can still be seen.
Members of the New Zealand and Chinese Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams working on the CTV site with the elevator shaft still standing in the background.
A photograph of emergency management personnel standing on the intersection of Madras Street and Cashel Streets. In the background is the elevator tower of the collapsed CTV building.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The site of the CTV Building on Madras Street where 118 people died. All that remains is the elevator shaft and stairwell to the right".
A photograph of emergency management personnel taking photographs of a dip in the floor of Grenadier House on Madras Street. The front windows have smashed, the glass scattering over the foyer and footpath outside. The wall next to the elevator is buckled.
Workmen approach the elevator shaft of the CTV building - 05 March 2011 The CTV building claimed 115 lives when it collapsed in a pile of smoking rubble on 22 February 2011 during a 6.3 earthquake in Christchurch and only the lift shaft was left standing.
Copy of a file photograph captioned by Fairfax, "The New Zealand Express Company's new building, corner of Hereford Street and Manchester Street. Electric lighting, pumping, elevators, May & Otway's fire alarms, bells and telephones, supplied by Messrs Turnbull & Jones Ltd. Manchester courts MLC building from The Weekly Press 'New Zealand Exhibition Year Special Industrial & Commercial Number' December 1906".
Past earthquakes have consistently highlighted the vulnerabilities of the built environment. Current building codes, which focus primarily on life safety, fail to address the need for buildings to remain functional after a seismic event. The emerging concept of post-earthquake functional recovery aims to integrate recovery-based objectives into building codes. However, literature reveals a predominant focus on engineering parameters, with limited attention given to the perspectives of building users; a critical gap in understanding a building’s comprehensive functionality and path to functional recovery. Whilst structural integrity is essential, functionality following a disaster is not determined by physical stability alone. Thus, this study addresses this gap by exploring the perceptions and expectations of office building users (both tenants and property owners) regarding building functionality and post-earthquake functional recovery in New Zealand’s major urban centres: Wellington, Auckland, and Christchurch. A qualitative research strategy was employed, utilising interpretative phenomenological and grounded theory methods to develop insights from the lived experiences of twenty-six (26) participants. The study applied a systems thinking approach using a socio-technical systems (STS) framework to develop micro (single construct) and macro (multiple constructs) models of building-system functionality. The findings demonstrate that a building’s functionality is nuanced, multifaceted, and context dependent. It encompasses physical, economic, social, organisational, technical, regulatory, and environmental elements, and is ultimately determined by users’ specific needs and priorities. A key divergence emerged: whilst property owners prioritise economic and environmental factors, tenants focus on the socio-organisational aspect, viewing the physical workspace as an embodiment of corporate identity, culture, and values. Regarding expectations for post-earthquake functional recovery, the post-pandemic era has drastically reshaped outlooks. Unlike previous earthquakes, where tenants scrambled for any available space, there is now increased demand for flexibility due to the hybrid work model. The immediate return to an office following a major earthquake is now expected to support critical business functions, with essential services including power or a standby generator, technology to access files, water, as well as operations of air conditioning and elevators. By advancing socio-technical systems theory and elucidating building users’ perspectives for a building’s functionality and post-disaster functional recovery, this research provides evidence-based, social science insights to inform more holistic and effective risk governance in property and disaster risk management