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Research papers, Lincoln University

Disasters are a critical topic for practitioners of landscape architecture. A fundamental role of the profession is disaster prevention or mitigation through practitioners having a thorough understanding of known threats. Once we reach the ‘other side’ of a disaster – the aftermath – landscape architecture plays a central response in dealing with its consequences, rebuilding of settlements and infrastructure and gaining an enhanced understanding of the causes of any failures. Landscape architecture must respond not only to the physical dimensions of disaster landscapes but also to the social, psychological and spiritual aspects. Landscape’s experiential potency is heightened in disasters in ways that may challenge and extend the spectrum of emotions. Identity is rooted in landscape, and massive transformation through the impact of a disaster can lead to ongoing psychological devastation. Memory and landscape are tightly intertwined as part of individual and collective identities, as connections to place and time. The ruptures caused by disasters present a challenge to remembering the lives lost and the prior condition of the landscape, the intimate attachments to places now gone and even the event itself.

Research papers, Lincoln University

An emerging water crisis is on the horizon and is poised to converge with several other impending problems in the 21st century. Future uncertainties such as climate change, peak oil and peak water are shifting the international focus from a business as usual approach to an emphasis on sustainable and resilient strategies that better meet these challenges. Cities are being reimagined in new ways that take a multidisciplinary approach, decompartmentalising functions and exploring ways in which urban systems can share resources and operate more like natural organisms. This study tested the landscape design implications of wastewater wetlands in the urban environment and evaluated their contribution to environmental sustainability, urban resilience and social development. Black and grey water streams were the central focus of this study and two types of wastewater wetlands, tidal flow (staged planning) and horizontal subsurface flow wetlands were tested through design investigations in the earthquake-affected city of Christchurch, New Zealand. These investigations found that the large area requirements of wastewater wetlands can be mitigated through landscape designs that enhance a matrix of open spaces and corridors in the city. Wastewater wetlands when combined with other urban and rural services such as food production, energy generation and irrigation can aid in making communities more resilient. Landscape theory suggests that the design of wastewater wetlands must meet cultural thresholds of beauty and that the inclusion of waste and ecologies in creatively designed landscapes can deepen our emotional connection to nature and ourselves.

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of an interview with landscape architect Di Lucas, about her vision for the Christchurch rebuild. Lucas talks about the need to build light buildings by using light materials such as timber. The video is part of The Press's 'Christchurch, one year after February 22, 2011' series.

Images, Canterbury Museum

Semi-circular quilt made from cotton, silk and bandage material to commemorate the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The quilt references Christchurch landscape features, buildings and soil profiles and displays 185 sewn crosses, eight facial profiles and a Harakeke (flax).

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video about the preparation for the 2012 Ellerslie Flower Show in Hagley Park. The video includes interviews with Xiaohua Li, an Architecture and Landscape Design student at Lincoln University, Dave Mee, the Ellerslie Flower Show Managing Director, and Leona Murahidy.

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 looking south from Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The foreground of the photograph shows a blue temporary water supply pipe and markings spray painted on the footpath in preparation for repair work. The fence has a home made sign painted with the Fulton Hogan (FH) logo satirized to ...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting representing Nero fiddling while Rome burnt. The painting was executed on a large curved concrete block of a temporary retaining wall in Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. Artist The retaining walls above and below Cunningham Terrace were severely damaged by the 22 Feb...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 looking south from Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The photograph shows a homemade figure of Humpty Dumpty with a bandaged head sitting on a fence on top of a retaining wall awaiting repair. Contractor involved in repair work The retaining walls above and below Cunningham Terrace wer...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting of a winged pig flying against a cloud. The painting was executed on a large curved concrete block of a temporary retaining wall in Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The retaining walls above and below Cunningham Terrace were severely damaged by the 22 February 2011 ...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012. Taken on the corner of Bridle Path and Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. Photograph shows a painting of a bottle in the style of a cleaning product. The bottle is labelled "Brain Wash". The retaining walls above and below Cunningham Terrace were severely damaged by the 22 February 201...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting of a steam train with seven visible carriages or wagons. A caption painted below the train reads "The Gravy Train" The painting was executed in blue on large curved concrete blocks of a temporary retaining wall in Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The retaining walls...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 looking south from Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The photograph shows a homemade sign with the text "How Happy are Those Whose Walls Already Rise. Virgil" . The sign is attached to a temporary safety fence on top of a retaining wall awaiting repair. Quoted author The retaining wall...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting silhouette of a yacht. A caption painted associated with the image reads "Sailing away? Yea right... Falling Away" The painting was executed in blue and black on a large curved concrete block of a temporary retaining wall in Cunningham Terrace, Lyttelton. The res...

Research papers, Lincoln University

The September and February earthquakes were terrifying and devastating. In February, 185 people were killed (this number excludes post earthquake related deaths) and several thousand injured. Damage to infrastructure above and below ground in and around Christchurch was widespread and it will take many years and billions of dollars to rebuild. The ongoing effects of the big quakes and aftershocks are numerous, with the deepest impact being on those who lost family and friends, their livelihoods and homes. What did Cantabrians do during the days, weeks and months of uncertainty and how have we responded? Many grieved, some left, some stayed, some arrived, many shovelled (liquefaction left thousands of tons of silt to be removed from homes and streets), and some used their expertise or knowledge to help in the recovery. This book highlights just some of the projects staff and students from The Faculty of Environment, Society and Design have been involved in from September 2010 to October 2012. The work is ongoing and the plan is to publish another book to document progress and new projects.

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 28 April 2012 showing a painting of a red circle on a blue background. Painted on the right side of circle is a yellow crescent shaped representation of "the man in the moon". Painted in black is a word puzzle of 6 lines starting with "SCIRT" and changing one letter each line to finish with "STAR...

Research papers, Lincoln University

In the wake of a series of devastating earthquakes, Christchurch, New Zealand is faced with a long, complicated mourning and memorialisation process. The initial intention of this research was to comparatively examine memorial design theory with popular memorial sentiment as expressed in Christchurch City Council's 'Share an Idea' initiative. The outcome of such an investigation was hypothesized to reveal conflicting perspectives which may potentially be reconciled by the development of a series of schematic models for memorial design. As the research was carried out, it became clear that any attempt to develop such models is counter-intuitive. This position is reinforced by the literature reviewed and the data examined. Subsequently, a fundamentally different approach to memorialisation focused on an active participation process is suggested.

Research papers, Lincoln University

The devastating earthquakes of September 2010 and February 2011 have without question upset the Christchurch City way of life for all. Families and businesses, as well as the natural and built environments have been directly affected, and our social landscapes have since evolved to accommodate the visible changes. Though not perhaps seen as a priority, the Christchurch nightlife has been profoundly altered by the quakes and the once popular CBD clubbing scene has ceased to exist. The concern highlighted in this article is the way in which this has put pressure on suburban bars and the the implications of this for local residents.

Research papers, Lincoln University

The recent Christchurch earthquakes provide a unique opportunity to better understand the relationship between pre-disaster social fault-lines and post-disaster community fracture. As a resident of Christchurch, this paper presents some of my reflections on the social structures and systems, activities, attitudes and decisions that have helped different Canterbury ‘communities’ along their road to recovery, and highlights some issues that have, unfortunately, held us back. These reflections help answer the most crucial question asked of disaster scholarship: what can recovery agencies (including local authorities) do - both before and after disaster - to promote resilience and facilitate recovery. This paper – based on three different definitions of resilience - presents a thematic account of the social recovery landscape. I argue that ‘coping’ might best be associated with adaptive capacity, however ‘thriving’ or ‘bounce forward’ versions of resilience are a function of a community’s participative capacity.

Research papers, Lincoln University

Within four weeks of the September 4 2010 Canterbury Earthquake a new, loosely-knit community group appeared in Christchurch under the banner of “Greening the Rubble.” The general aim of those who attended the first few meetings was to do something to help plug the holes that had already appeared or were likely to appear over the coming weeks in the city fabric with some temporary landscaping and planting projects. This article charts the first eighteen months of Greening the Rubble and places the initiative in a broader context to argue that although seismic events in Christchurch acted as a “call to palms,” so to speak, the city was already in need of some remedial greening. It concludes with a reflection on lessons learned to date by GTR and commentary on the likely issues ahead for this new mini-social-environmental movement in the context of a quake-affected and still quake-prone major New Zealand city. One of the key lessons for GTR and all of those involved in Christchurch recovery activities to date is that the city is still very much in the middle of the event and is to some extent a laboratory for seismic and agency management studies alike.

Research papers, Victoria University of Wellington

The whare whakairo or traditional Māori meeting house plays an important part in Māori society and identity. These whare tell the tale of their origin, and in so doing, the origins of their people. The analysis of the meeting house, the histories expressed in its decorative carvings and structural elements are inextricably linked with and dependent upon the structure of the world created by myth and the Māori worldview. However, due to the deleterious effects of colonisation, the art of wood carving and associated architectural practices - central to Māori identity, suffered decline in many parts of the country, leading to the decline of Māori culture and identity. Sir Apirana Ngata instigated the National Institute of Māori Arts and Crafts to resurrect the dying art of Māori carving and carved houses would be a catalyst for the restoration of Māori culture throughout the country. Ngata saw these whare whakairo as being the heart of Māori communities by establishing a renewed sense of belonging and identification with space for Māori, through the telling of tribal histories and emphasising key geographical features. New threats in the form of global hegemony and urbanisation have further impacted on Māori notions of identity, creating a generation of displaced urban Māori youth. This research proposes to establish an architectural response to capture displaced Māori youth through the resurrection of the Māori carving school and return to them the lost stories of their cultural history and identity. This program will be developed within the complex challenges that exist within post-earthquake Ōtautahi/Christchurch, where many have lost homes and livelihoods, especially Māori youth in the Eastern Suburbs. The building elements of the proposed Māori carving school give reference to the historio-cultural features of the original Ōtautahi/Christchurch landscape that are situated in tribal song and myth. It is envisioned that the development of a Māori carving school will help restore Māori identity and a renewed sense of belonging, and allow for the telling of this generations stories through traditional narratives.