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Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This shop caught fire when power restored caused sparks that ignited leaking gas, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Colombo Street was eerily quiet and deserted during the Tuesday evening rush hour, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Red stickered building means no access, and the building may be condemned if it cannot be repaired; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The belfry of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square was reduced to rubble by the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Cracks in the parapet of this beautiful Madras Street building that I walk past to / from work everyday; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Cracks in the parapet of this beautiful Madras Street building that I walk past to / from work everyday; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Cracks in the beam of this beautiful Madras Street building that I walk past to / from work everyday; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Red stickered door means that this pub on Madras Street is no-go due to structural damage suffered in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Yellow stickered building means restricted access, and the building will need to be repaired and certified fit for use; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Deserted Tuam Street which is always busy during Tuesday evening rush hour, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The belfry of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square was reduced to rubble by the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Deserted Tuam Street which is always busy during Tuesday evening rush hour, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

There will be some very upset kids this Christmas, as Santa will not be able to deliver their presents; aftermath of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The belfry of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square was reduced to rubble by the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Part of the parapet fell off from this Burger King outlet on Bealey Ave during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The 22 February 2011, Mw6.2-6.3 Christchurch earthquake is the most costly earthquake to affect New Zealand, causing 181 fatalities and severely damaging thousands of residential and commercial buildings, and most of the city lifelines and infrastructure. This manuscript presents an overview of observed geotechnical aspects of this earthquake as well as some of the completed and on-going research investigations. A unique aspect, which is particularly emphasized, is the severity and spatial extent of liquefaction occurring in native soils. Overall, both the spatial extent and severity of liquefaction in the city was greater than in the preceding 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake, including numerous areas that liquefied in both events. Liquefaction and lateral spreading, variable over both large and short spatial scales, affected commercial structures in the Central Business District (CBD) in a variety of ways including: total and differential settlements and tilting; punching settlements of structures with shallow foundations; differential movements of components of complex structures; and interaction of adjacent structures via common foundation soils. Liquefaction was most severe in residential areas located to the east of the CBD as a result of stronger ground shaking due to the proximity to the causative fault, a high water table approximately 1m from the surface, and soils with composition and states of high susceptibility and potential for liquefaction. Total and differential settlements, and lateral movements, due to liquefaction and lateral spreading is estimated to have severely compromised 15,000 residential structures, the majority of which otherwise sustained only minor to moderate damage directly due to inertial loading from ground shaking. Liquefaction also had a profound effect on lifelines and other infrastructure, particularly bridge structures, and underground services. Minor damage was also observed at flood stop banks to the north of the city, which were more severely impacted in the 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake. Due to the large high-frequency ground motion in the Port hills numerous rock falls and landslides also occurred, resulting in several fatalities and rendering some residential areas uninhabitable.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

This manuscript provides a critical examination of the ground motions recorded in the near-source region resulting from the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Particular attention is given to reconciling the observed spatial distribution of ground motions in terms of physical phenomena related to source, path and site effects. The large number of near-source observed strong ground motions show clear evidence of: forward-directivity, basin generated surface waves, liquefaction and other significant nonlinear site response. The pseudo-acceleration response spectra (SA) amplitudes and significant duration of strong motions agree well with empirical prediction models, except at long vibration periods where the influence of basin-generated surface waves and nonlinear site response are significant and not adequately accounted for in empirical SA models. Pseudo-acceleration response spectra are also compared with those observed in the 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake and routine design response spectra used in order to emphasise the amplitude of ground shaking and elucidate the importance of local geotechnical characteristics on surface ground motions. The characteristics of the observed vertical component accelerations are shown to be strongly dependent on source-to-site distance and are comparable with those from the 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake, implying the large amplitudes observed are simply a result of many observations at close distances rather than a peculiar source effect.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Toppled grain silos on the outskirts of Darfield near the epicentre of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Toppled grain silos on the outskirts of Darfield near the epicentre of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Damaged rose window of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Toppled grain silos on the outskirts of Darfield near the epicentre of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Toppled grain silos on the outskirts of Darfield near the epicentre of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Videos, eqnz.chch.2010

At Greendale Faultline on Highfield Road in mid-Canterbury, where the magnitude 7.1 earthquake on 4 September 2010 originated.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Repairs being carried out on this restaurant (converted from a church) at the Hereford Street / Manchester Street intersection;aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Heaving and subsidence on the faultline left scars where the magnitude 7.1 earthquake on Saturday 4 September 2010 originated.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Toppled grain silos on the outskirts of Darfield near the epicentre of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck on Saturday 4 September 2010.