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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A powhiri performed by Ngai Tahu elders to welcome workers of the Stronger Christchurch Infrastructure Rebuild Team (SCIRT). Reverend Peter Beck and Earthquake Minister Gerry Brownlee can be seen standing amongst the group. The ceremony was held in Burwood Park.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

USCA President, Kohan McNab, and leader of the Student Volunteer Army, Sam Johnston, being filmed on top of the ENSOC fire engine. Below, students from the University of Canterbury are enjoying a barbeque lunch break. The students have volunteered to dig up liquefaction as part of the Student Volunteer Army.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the corner of Woodham Road and Avonside Drive. There are large cracks in the road, and flooding and liquefaction. Wire fencing and road cones have been placed around parts of the road that are unsafe. Two signs reading, "Road closed" and, "No entry" can be seen at the entrance to Avonside Drive.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

USCA President, Kohan McNab, and leader of the Student Volunteer Army, Sam Johnston, on top of the ENSOC fire engine. Behind them, students from the University of Canterbury are enjoying a barbeque lunch break. The students have volunteered to dig up liquefaction as part of the Student Volunteer Army.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A powhiri performed by Ngai Tahu elders to welcome workers of the Stronger Christchurch Infrastructure Rebuild Team (SCIRT). Reverend Peter Beck is standing in the centre and Earthquake Minister Gerry Brownlee to the left. The ceremony was held in Burwood Park.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A powhiri performed by Ngai Tahu elders to welcome workers of the Stronger Christchurch Infrastructure Rebuild Team (SCIRT). Mayor Bob Parker is standing to the right. Reverend Peter Beck and Earthquake Minister Gerry Brownlee are also present. The ceremony was held in Burwood Park.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A powhiri performed by Ngai Tahu elders to welcome workers of the Stronger Christchurch Infrastructure Rebuild Team (SCIRT). Mayor Bob Parker is standing to the right. Reverend Peter Beck and Earthquake Minister Gerry Brownlee are also present. The ceremony was held in Burwood Park.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An aerial photograph of the Horseshoe Lake district. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The area circumscribed by a loop of the River Avon is all zoned red, except for the park at the upper left. On the other side of the river, most of the land is also red-zoned apart from the piece in the upper left".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An aerial photograph of a residential area in Burwood. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "New Brighton Road and Avonside Drive with the Avondale Road bridge. This area is red-zoned on the right-hand side of the river and green-zoned on the left-hand side of the river".

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of Dallington resident Christine Mathieson being told that her orange-zoned property has been rezoned as green. The rezoning was confirmed earlier in the day by Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Minister Gerry Brownlee, who announced that 400 earthquake-damaged properties in Christchurch will be bought by the government. Mathieson's house is not one of them.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An aerial photograph of a residential area in Avonside. The photograph has been captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The dominant road in this picture is Avondale Road which crosses the River Avon. To the left of this photograph is all zoned red apart from a small piece on the other side of the river. On the right-hand side of Avondale Road, some streets are zoned green although the streets closest to the river are red-zoned".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

An aerial photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "The Avon River windings its way through densely pupulated housing. The Gayhurst Road bridge can be seen. The piece of land circumscribed by the loop of the river is all zoned red, as is the land to the left of the photo. On the right, most of the land is zoned green or orange".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Two images of a house, taken before and after the earthquakes. In the after photograph the chimneys are gone, a column supporting the car port has partly collapsed, windows are broken, and the previously neat lawn and driveway are overgrown. The photographer comments, "This was a house that I was selling up to the September 2010 earthquake in Christchurch. It was on Avonside Drive, which was an area that has been badly hit in every earthquake that has hit the area. In the September quake parts of the house moved in different directions and one of the upstairs doors had to be smashed open to release one of the sons from his bedroom. This occurred in the dark with numerous aftershocks shaking the house. Liquefaction poured up through the floor and flowed down the drive. Everyone got out OK, but soon after the house was red stickered meaning it was dangerous to enter. The house was looted many times even though there was constant police patrols. When the most violent earthquake occurred on 22 February 2012 both the tall heavy chimneys came crashing through into the living areas. Subsequent earthquakes and aftershocks have caused one of the brick fence pillars to fall and the front garage pillar to break up and twist. The family's troubles did not end there. They moved into the home of one of their parents and this mansion of a home was so badly affected by the February earthquake that no one could enter to collect any of their or their parents' belongings. They now own a new home, which they are fond of except when the ground shakes yet again. There has been to date 10,712 earthquakes and aftershocks since 4 September 2010".

Research papers, Lincoln University

Tree mortality is a fundamental process governing forest dynamics, but understanding tree mortality patterns is challenging because large, long-term datasets are required. Describing size-specific mortality patterns can be especially difficult, due to few trees in larger size classes. We used permanent plot data from Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (mountain beech) forest on the eastern slopes of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, where the fates of trees on 250 plots of 0.04 ha were followed, to examine: (1) patterns of size-specific mortality over three consecutive periods spanning 30 years, each characterised by different disturbance, and (2) the strength and direction of neighbourhood crowding effects on sizespecific mortality rates. We found that the size-specific mortality function was U-shaped over the 30-year period as well as within two shorter periods characterised by small-scale pinhole beetle and windthrow disturbance. During a third period, characterised by earthquake disturbance, tree mortality was less size dependent. Small trees (,20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die, in all three periods, if surrounded by a high basal area of larger neighbours, suggesting that sizeasymmetric competition for light was a major cause of mortality. In contrast, large trees ($20 cm in diameter) were more likely to die in the first period if they had few neighbours, indicating that positive crowding effects were sometimes important for survival of large trees. Overall our results suggest that temporal variability in size-specific mortality patterns, and positive interactions between large trees, may sometimes need to be incorporated into models of forest dynamics.