A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. The top two storeys of the tower collapsed during the 22 February 2011 earthquake and the rubble spilled into the courtyard in front. A digger was used to clear the rubble away from the building. A tarpaulin has been draped over the top of the tower.
A photograph of large cracks in the ground near the Kaiapoi River.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a group of shops on the corner of Barbadoes Street and Edgeware Road. The second storey of the shops has collapsed, and the bricks have fallen to the footpath, taking the awnings with them. Police tape and road cones have been placed around the buildings as a cordon.
A photograph of a sign for the Kaiapoi Sewage Treatment Plant in Kaiapoi.
A photograph of piles of silt on the side of a road in Christchurch. This has been dug out of people's properties and placed on the road to be picked up by the Council.
A photograph of a sign on the door of the Botanic Gardens Cafe. The sign indicates that the premises have been assessed by the Christchurch City Council after the 4 September 2010 earthquake and no apparent food safety issues were found.
A photograph of people examining a section of road lying on the Greendale Fault line which has large cracks caused by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. Police tape and cones have been used to close off the road.
A photograph of Colombo Street looking south from the bridge near Moorhouse Avenue. Road cones have been placed across the road as well as wire fencing beyond. In the distance, a cordon can also be seen near Brougham Street.
A photograph of liquefaction in a paddock.
A photograph of a cracks and liquefaction on a bank next to a motorway in Christchurch.
A photograph of the earthquake-damaged Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. The photograph was taken using a cellphone camera. The top of the tower collapsed during the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The rubble from the tower has been cleared and a tarpaulin has been placed over the top of the broken tower. Tyres have been placed on the tarpaulin to hold it down. A temporary roof has also been constructed over the tower to keep out the rain.
A photograph of the collapsed Herbal Heaven store on the corner of Linwood Avenue and Aldwins Road.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. The top two storeys of the tower collapsed during the 22 February 2011 earthquake and the rubble spilled into the courtyard in front. A digger was used to clear the rubble away from the building. A tarpaulin has been draped over the top of the broken tower and the roof behind.
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged chimney on a house in Christchurch. The bricks have crumbled to reveal the flue.
A photograph of large cracks in the ground near the Kaiapoi River.
A photograph of the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. There are cracks in the masonry of the tower near where the two storeys join. The cracks formed as a result of the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph of liquefaction volcanos in a garden.
A photograph of the tower of the former Trinity Church on the corner of Manchester Street and Worcester Street
A photograph of an earthquake-damaged building on the corner of Montreal Street and Moorhouse Avenue. The top of the brick facade has crumbled onto the footpath below. Wire fencing has been placed around the building as a cordon.
A photograph of a window of the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre.
A photograph of a liquefaction volcano in a garden. A pen has been placed on the mound as a size reference.
A photograph of liquefaction volcanos in a garden.
A photograph of a collapsed brick wall resting against a tree.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to a group of shops on the corner of Barbadoes Street and Edgeware Road. The second storey of the shops has collapsed, and the bricks have fallen to the footpath, taking the awnings with them. Police tape and road cones have been placed around the buildings as a cordon.
A photograph of a fence on the Greendale Fault line which has been damaged by the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The wire has been pulled off the posts and is hanging loose.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the second story of the Observatory tower at the Christchurch Arts Centre. The front of the storey has collapsed, exposing the inside. A tarpaulin has been draped over the top and the roof of the building behind.
A photograph of the Pills for Thrills building on Worcester Street which suffered damage from a fire caused by the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
A photograph of the Greendale Fault line, now visible across a paddock due to cracks caused by the 4 September 2010 earthquake.
Introduction In 2011 Christchurch city centre was partially destroyed by an earthquake. Government-led anchor projects were tasked with bringing Christchurch back from rubble. After a period of 7 years out of 16 proposed projects, 10 are already over time for their initial completion dates and the ones completed, are under scrutiny for failing to deliver their expected outcome.
A significant portion of economic loss from the Canterbury Earthquake sequence in 2010-2011 was attributed to losses to residential buildings. These accounted for approximately $12B of a total $40B economic losses (Horspool, 2016). While a significant amount of research effort has since been aimed at research in the commercial sector, little has been done to reduce the vulnerability of the residential building stock.