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Images, UC QuakeStudies

A damaged driveway bridge over Dudley Creek has been blocked off with warning tape. The sides of the bridge have slumped, and the driveway surface has buckled and cracked. In the background, the gates to the property are misaligned. The photographer comments, "The bridge to a large mansion on a huge section was displaced by half a metre".

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Asko Design building on Victoria Street. The top of the facade has crumpled, falling onto the awning and street. A broken gutter is visible on the building to the left. Two men are working on the awning of the smaller building.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

A new study suggests young Maori wahine are being let down by the health system, because of inadequate information to help them find a midwife; A South Island marae has accepted a donation to repair its wharekai damaged during the 2011 Canterbury earthquakes; About 750 Maori and Pasifika Auckland tertiary students will celebrate their academic achievement this week.

Images, Canterbury Museum

One black hardcover book with a multi-coloured dust jacket depicting men in uniform amongst rubble entitled 'Christchurch 22.2: Beyond the Cordon' containing colour photographs by the New Zealand Police following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The severe damage to Christchurch’s central city caused by the 22 February 2011 earthquake is unique...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One green plastic Port-A-Loo door with surround, lock and mirror on interior; Port-A-Loo logo on front. One of the most immediate challenges facing Christchurch residents following the 22 February 2011 earthquake was the restriction on using residential toilet facilities. The restrictions were implemented due to the extensive damage to sewerage...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One beige Campmaster portable chemical toilet made from a matte finished high-density polythene and comprising a 20 litre holding tank for waste product and a 10 litre water tank for flushing. Chemical toilets were distributed by the Christchurch City Council as one solution to the badly damaged sewerage system following the 22 February 2011 ea...

Images, Canterbury Museum

One landscape colour digital photograph taken on 25 February 2011 showing damage to the Lyttelton Police Station on Sumner Road and London Street. Photograph taken looking west from St Davids Street. In December 2011, the New Zealand Police decided that the Lyttelton Police Station would be demolished. The building, which opened in 1882 was re...

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

One Month after the Christchurch Earthquake. This is in Kaiapoi at the north end of Christchurch. A view down the walkway next to the river Twitter | Facebook |

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Someone wearing a Canterbury black and red rugby jersey holds onto two corners of a New Zealand flag which blows in the wind. There is no text in the cartoon. Context - On 22 February 2011 at 12:51 pm (NZDT), Christchurch experienced a major magnitude 6.3 earthquake, which resulted in severe damage and many casualties. A National State of Emergency has been declared. This followed on from an original magnitude 7.1 earthquake on 4 September 2010 which did far less damage and in which no-one died. Both colour and black and white versions of this cartoon are available Quantity: 2 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

An interested passerby assumes that a builder will be keen to get some EQC work fixing up Christchurch but the builder replies 'Are you kidding?! Not while EQC is paying us $4500 a week to do its assessments!' Context - The Earthquake Commission (EQC) has employed 414 contractors to carry out the assessments on its behalf, Radio New Zealand reported. Contractors carrying out property inspections of quake-damaged Christchurch homes are being paid about $4000 a week. Contractors are paid $75 an hour, while the builders, who inspect the damage, receive $60 an hour, the broadcaster said. (8 June 2011) Colour and black and white versions available Quantity: 2 digital cartoon(s).

Images, Alexander Turnbull Library

Text reads 'Collateral damage'. A couple stand looking at a broken column surrounded by fallen masonry; text on the column reads 'Curbs on govt spending'. The man says 'It's a shame. It was due to be unveiled in a few weeks'. Context - the Christchurch earthquake of 22 February 2011; curbs on government spending can be seen as 'collateral damage'. In December 2010 Finance Minister Bill English pledged to keep a cap on spending to rein in a widening deficit as slower consumer demand hinders the economic recovery and hurts tax receipts. The earthquake will make economic recovery even more difficult. Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Impact between structures of bridge sections can play a major, unexpected role in seismic structural damage. Linear and non-linear models are developed to analyze structural impact and response of two single-degree-of-freedom structures, representing adjacent buildings or bridge sections. The analyses presented assess probability of impact, displacement change due to impact, and the probability of increased displacement due to impact. These are assessed over a matrix of structural periods for each degree-of-freedom, different impact coefficients of restitution, and a probabilistically scaled suite of earthquake events. Linear versus non-linear effects are assessed using a Ramberg-Osgood non-linear model for column inelasticity. The normalized distance, or gap-ratio (GR), defined as a percentage of the summed spectral displacements, is used to create probabilistic design requirements. Increasing GR and structural periods that are similar (T2/T1~0.8-1.25) significantly decrease the likelihood of impact, and vice-versa. Including column inelasticity and decreasing coefficient of restitution decrease displacement increases due to impact and thus reduce potential damage. A minimum GR~0.5-0.9 ensures that any displacement increases will be less than 10% for 90% of ground motions over all structural period combinations (0.2-5.0sec). These results enable probabilistic design guidelines to manage undesirable effects of impact– an important factor during the recent Canterbury, New Zealand Earthquakes.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The 22nd February 2011, Mw 6.3 Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand caused major damage to critical infrastructure, including the healthcare system. The Natural Hazard Platform of NZ funded a short-term project called “Hospital Functions and Services” to support the Canterbury District Health Board’s (CDHB) efforts in capturing standardized data that describe the effects of the earthquake on the Canterbury region’s main hospital system. The project utilised a survey tool originally developed by researchers at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) to assess the loss of function of hospitals in the Maule and Bío-Bío regions following the 27th February 2010, Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake in Chile. This paper describes the application of the JHU tool for surveying the impact of Christchurch earthquake on the CDHB Hospital System, including the system’s residual capacity to deliver emergency response and health care. A short summary of the impact of the Christchurch earthquake on other CDHB public and private hospitals is also provided. This study demonstrates that, as was observed in other earthquakes around the world, the effects of damage to non-structural building components, equipment, utility lifelines, and transportation were far more disruptive than the minor structural damage observed in buildings (FEMA 2007). Earthquake related complications with re-supply and other organizational aspects also impacted the emergency response and the healthcare facilities’ residual capacity to deliver services in the short and long terms.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

New Zealand has a long tradition of using light timber frame for construction of its domestic dwellings. After the most recent earthquakes (e.g. Canterbury earthquakes sequence), wooden residential houses showed satisfactory life safety performance. However, poor performance was reported in terms of their seismic resilience. Although numerous innovative methods to mitigate damage have been introduced to the New Zealand community in order to improve wooden house performance, these retrofit options have not been readily taken up. The low number of retrofitted wooden-framed houses leads to questions about whether homeowners are aware of the necessity of seismic retrofitting their houses to achieve a satisfactory seismic performance. This study aims to explore different retrofit technologies that can be applied to wooden-framed houses in Wellington, taking into account the need of homeowners to understand the risk, likelihood and extent of damage expected after an event. A survey will be conducted in Wellington about perceptions of homeowners towards the expected performance of their wooden-framed houses. The survey questions were designed to gain an understanding of homeowners' levels of safety and awareness of possible damage after a seismic event. Afterwards, a structural review of a sample of the houses will be undertaken to identify common features and detail potential seismic concerns. The findings will break down barriers to making improvements in the performance of wooden-framed houses and lead to enhancements in the confidence of homeowners in the event of future seismic activity. This will result in increased understanding and contribute towards an accessible knowledge base, which will possibly increase significantly the use of these technologies and avoid unnecessary economic and social costs after a seismic event.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

At 00:02 on 14th November 2016, a Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred in and offshore of the northeast of the South Island of New Zealand. Fault rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction, and co-seismic landslides caused severe damage to distributed infrastructure, and particularly transportation networks; large segments of the country’s main highway, State Highway 1 (SH1), and the Main North Line (MNL) railway line, were damaged between Picton and Christchurch. The damage caused direct local impacts, including isolation of communities, and wider regional impacts, including disruption of supply chains. Adaptive measures have ensured immediate continued regional transport of goods and people. Air and sea transport increased quickly, both for emergency response and to ensure routine transport of goods. Road diversions have also allowed critical connections to remain operable. This effective response to regional transport challenges allowed Civil Defence Emergency Management to quickly prioritise access to isolated settlements, all of which had road access 23 days after the earthquake. However, 100 days after the earthquake, critical segments of SH1 and the MNL remain closed and their ongoing repairs are a serious national strategic, as well as local, concern. This paper presents the impacts on South Island transport infrastructure, and subsequent management through the emergency response and early recovery phases, during the first 100 days following the initial earthquake, and highlights lessons for transportation system resilience.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

At 00:02 on 14th November 2016, a Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred in and offshore of the northeast of the South Island of New Zealand. Fault rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction, and co-seismic landslides caused severe damage to distributed infrastructure, and particularly transportation networks; large segments of the country’s main highway, State Highway 1 (SH1), and the Main North Line (MNL) railway line, were damaged between Picton and Christchurch. The damage caused direct local impacts, including isolation of communities, and wider regional impacts, including disruption of supply chains. Adaptive measures have ensured immediate continued regional transport of goods and people. Air and sea transport increased quickly, both for emergency response and to ensure routine transport of goods. Road diversions have also allowed critical connections to remain operable. This effective response to regional transport challenges allowed Civil Defence Emergency Management to quickly prioritise access to isolated settlements, all of which had road access 23 days after the earthquake. However, 100 days after the earthquake, critical segments of SH1 and the MNL remain closed and their ongoing repairs are a serious national strategic, as well as local, concern. This paper presents the impacts on South Island transport infrastructure, and subsequent management through the emergency response and early recovery phases, during the first 100 days following the initial earthquake, and highlights lessons for transportation system resilience.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The performance of buildings in recent New Zealand earthquakes (Canterbury, Seddon and Kaikōura), delivered stark lessons on seismic resilience. Most of our buildings, with a few notable exceptions, performed as our Codes intended them to, that is, to safeguard people from injury. Many buildings only suffered minor structural damage but were unable to be reused and occupied for significant periods of time due to the damage and failure of non-structural elements. This resulted in substantial economic losses and major disruptions to our businesses and communities. Research has attributed the damage to poor overall design coordination, inadequate or lack of seismic restraints for non structural elements and insufficient clearances between building components to cater for the interaction of non structural elements under seismic actions. Investigations have found a clear connection between the poor performance of non-structural elements and the issues causing pain in the industry (procurement methods, risk aversion, the lack of clear understanding of design and inspection responsibility and the need for better alignment of the design codes to enable a consistent integrated design approach). The challenge to improve the seismic performance of non structural elements in New Zealand is a complex one that cuts across a diverse construction industry. Adopting the key steps as recommended in this paper is expected to have significant co-benefits to the New Zealand construction industry, with improvements in productivity alongside reductions in costs and waste, as the rework which plagues the industry decreases.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the Lyttelton Hotel on Norwich Quay. The top of the building has crumbled, bringing the roof down with it. Bricks have fallen on the awning and all along the footpath. Wire fencing and road cones have been used to create a cordon around the building.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Damage to the Lyttelton Hotel on Norwich Quay. The top of the building has crumbled, bringing the roof down with it. Bricks have fallen on the awning and all along the footpath. Wire fencing and road cones have been used to create a cordon around the building.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office walking down Lichfield Street towards the intersection of Madras Street. Buildings on either side of the team have been damaged by the earthquake and there are piles of rubble on the street in front of them.

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of an interview with Toni Burnside, the Principal of Central New Brighton School, about the proposed merger of her school with South New Brighton School. Burnside talks about her belief that the government's rationale for the merger exaggerated the earthquake damage to the site.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team standing on the corner of Lichfield and Manchester Streets. In the background an excavator has been parked on the street. In the background is a large pile of rubble from several earthquake-damaged buildings.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team walking down Lichfield Street towards the intersection of Manchester Street. Buildings on either side of the team have been damaged by the earthquake. Plastic and wire fences line the street to the right.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph looking west down Cashel Street towards the Bridge of Remembrance. Rubble from earthquake-damaged buildings is piled on the road in the distance. Wire fencing has been placed in front of a seating area to the left and around a building in the distance.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a sign outside St Paul's Parish on Gayhurst Road. The sign reads, "St Paul's Parish Mass, Sunday 10am, Marian College Hall, North Parade". The church was damaged during the 4 September earthquake. Tape can be seen around the building in the background.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of the Cranmer Centre on Armagh Street. Bricks have fallen off one of the gables onto the concrete below. The remaining gables have been braced with wood to limit further damage. A cherry picker can be seen below, and there is fencing around the building.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of members of the Wellington Emergency Management Office Emergency Response Team and the Red Cross, standing on the corner of Lichfield and Manchester Street. In the background an excavator is parked on the road. Behind the excavator is a block of earthquake-damaged buildings.