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Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence on laptops outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence on laptops outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence standing outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photograph of a bookcase in the Civil Suite at the University of Canterbury after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The photograph was taken on the day when the staff were allowed to return to the building. The shelves of the bookcase have been removed, exposing damage along the sides where they knocked against the back panel. Some books have been left on the bottom shelf.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A photographer outside the Christchurch Art Gallery. Behind him, members of Civil Defence have gathered outside after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence reacting to an aftershock during a briefing in the Christchurch Art Gallery a few hours after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A member of ECan briefing members of Civil Defence in the Christchurch Art Gallery a few hours after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence reacting to an aftershock during a briefing in the Christchurch Art Gallery a few hours after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

Members of Civil Defence with a pile of medical supplies outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Images, UC QuakeStudies

A member of ECan briefing members of Civil Defence in the Christchurch Art Gallery a few hours after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Using case studies from the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence, this study assesses the accuracies of paleoliquefaction back-analysis methods and explores the challenges, techniques, and uncertainties associated with their application. While liquefaction-based back-analyses have been widely used to estimate the magnitudes of paleoearthquakes, their uncertain efficacies continue to significantly affect the computed seismic hazard in regions where they are relied upon. Accordingly, their performance is evaluated herein using liquefaction data from modern earthquakes with known magnitudes. It is shown that when the earthquake source location and mechanism are known, back-analysis methods are capable of accurately deriving seismic parameters from liquefaction evidence. However, because the source location and mechanism are often unknown in paleoseismic studies, and because accurate interpretation is shown to be more difficult in such cases, new analysis techniques are proposed herein. An objective parameter is proposed to geospatially assess the likelihood of any provisional source location, enabling an analyst to more accurately estimate the magnitude of a liquefaction-inducing paleoearthquake. This study demonstrates the application of back-analysis methods, provides insight into their potential accuracies, and provides a framework for performing paleoliquefaction analyses worldwide.