A photograph of the earthquake damage to the Brannigan's building on the corner of Gloucester Street and Oxford Terrace. Many of the windows down the centre of the building have broken. There are also cracks in the panels beneath many of the windows.
A photograph of emergency management personnel inside a Royal New Zealand Air Force Hercules C-130. The aircraft is on the runway at Wellington airport. Blankets and other supplies have been stacked in the centre of the aircraft.
A photograph of emergency management personnel inside a Royal New Zealand Air Force Hercules C-130. The aircraft is on the runway at Wellington airport. Blankets and other supplies have been stacked in the centre of the aircraft.
A photograph of looking south out a window of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Building on Armagh Street. Notable landmarks include: New Regent Street in the bottom left of the photograph; the Rendezvous Hotel in the centre; and the Hotel Grand Chancellor in the background.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Mary McIntosh from the Hurunui Civil Defence packs up mattresses at Addington racecourse emergency centre".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Mary McIntosh from the Hurunui Civil Defence packs up mattresses at Addington racecourse emergency centre".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "The Christchurch City Council holding an emergency meeting at the Beckenham Service Centre in Colombo Street. Mayor Bob Parker is in the centre (white shirt) with CEO Tony Marriott beside him".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "The Christchurch City Council holding an emergency meeting at the Beckenham Service Centre in Colombo Street. Mayor Bob Parker is in the centre (white shirt) with CEO Tony Marriott beside him".
A photograph of members of the Red Cross and the Wellington Emergency Management Office organising supplies and temporary accommodation in Cowles Stadium for refugees from the 4 September earthquake.
Deputy Administrator for Protection and National Preparedness at the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Tim Manning, being interviewed by the media in front of the Cranmer Centre about the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
A photograph taken through a window of The Burrito Company restaurant on Armagh Street. The window is broken and glass has spilled into the restaurant. The floor of the restaurant has risen in the centre. Small stones from an unknown source have scattered across the floor on the left.
A photograph looking south out a window of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Building. Notable landmarks include: New Regent Street and the Rendezvous Hotel on the left side of the photograph; the Novotel in the centre; the Lyttelton Times building to the right; and the Hotel Grand Chancellor in the background.
A photograph of looking west out a window of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Building on Armagh Street. To the left is the Victoria Apartments with a slight forward lean. Victoria Square is in the centre of the photograph and to the right is the Crowne Plaza Hotel. In the foreground is the Copthorne Hotel.
A photograph of the entrance to the Brannigan's building on the corner of Gloucester Street and Oxford Terrace. Many of the windows down the centre of the building have broken, and the glass has fallen onto the footpath below. USAR codes have been spray painted on one of the front windows. A red sticker in the door indicates that the building is unsafe to enter.
A panoramic photograph looking south out of a window of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Building. Notable landmarks include: New Regent Street and the Rendezvous Hotel on the left side of the photograph; the Novotel in the centre; the Lyttelton Times building and the Forsyth Barr building to the right; and the Hotel Grand Chancellor in the distance.
A photograph of a man at the 'free legal help' table in a temporary emergency management centre set up after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The table was set up by Community Law Canterbury to offer free legal help to those in need.
The potential for a gastroenteritis outbreak in a post-earthquake environment may increase because of compromised infrastructure services, contaminated liquefaction (lateral spreading and surface ejecta), and the presence of gastroenteritis agents in the drinking water network. A population in a post-earthquake environment might be seriously affected by gastroenteritis because it has a short incubation period (about 10 hours). The potential for a gastroenteritis outbreak in a post-earthquake environment may increase because of compromised infrastructure services, contaminated liquefaction (lateral spreading and surface ejecta), and the presence of gastroenteritis agents in the drinking water network. A population in a post-earthquake environment might be seriously affected by gastroenteritis because it has a short incubation period (about 10 hours). The aim of this multidisciplinary research was to retrospectively analyse the gastroenteritis prevalence following the February 22, 2011 earthquake in Christchurch. The first focus was to assess whether earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction, and gastroenteritis agents spatially explained the recorded gastroenteritis cases over the period of 35 days following the February 22, 2011 earthquake in Christchurch. The gastroenteritis agents considered in this study were Escherichia coli found in the drinking water supply (MPN/100mL) and Non-Compliant Free Associated Chlorine (FAC-NC) (less than <0.02mg/L). The second focus was the protocols that averted a gastroenteritis outbreak at three Emergency Centres (ECs): Burnside High School Emergency Centre (BEC); Cowles Stadium Emergency Centre (CEC); and Linwood High School Emergency Centre (LEC). Using a mixed-method approach, gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors were quantitatively analysed. The qualitative analysis involved interviewing 30 EC staff members. The data was evaluated by adopting the Grounded Theory (GT) approach. Spatial analysis of considered factors showed that highly damaged CAUs were statistically clustered as demonstrated by Moran’s I statistic and hot spot analysis. Further modelling showed that gastroenteritis point prevalence clustering could not be fully explained by infrastructure damage alone, and other factors influenced the recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence. However, the results of this research suggest that there was a tenuous, indirect relationship between recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors: earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction and FAC-NC. Two ECs were opened as part of the post-earthquake response in areas with severe infrastructure damage and liquefaction (BEC and CEC). The third EC (CEC) provided important lessons that were learnt from the previous September 4, 2010 earthquake, and implemented after the February 22, 2011 earthquake. Two types of interwoven themes identified: direct and indirect. The direct themes were preventive protocols and indirect themes included type of EC building (school or a sports stadium), and EC staff. The main limitations of the research were Modifiable Areal Units (MAUP), data detection, and memory loss. This research provides a practical method that can be adapted to assess gastroenteritis risk in a post-earthquake environment. Thus, this mixed method approach can be used in other disaster contexts to study gastroenteritis prevalence, and can serve as an appendage to the existing framework for assessing infectious diseases. Furthermore, the lessons learnt from qualitative analysis can inform the current infectious disease management plans, designed for a post-disaster response in New Zealand and internationally Using a mixed-method approach, gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors were quantitatively analysed. A damage profile was created by amalgamating different types of damage for the considered factors for each Census Area Unit (CAU) in Christchurch. The damage profile enabled the application of a variety of statistical methods which included Moran’s I , Hot Spot (HS) analysis, Spearman’s Rho, and Besag–York–Mollié Model using a range of software. The qualitative analysis involved interviewing 30 EC staff members. The data was evaluated by adopting the Grounded Theory (GT) approach. Spatial analysis of considered factors showed that highly damaged CAUs were statistically clustered as demonstrated by Moran’s I statistic and hot spot analysis. Further modelling showed that gastroenteritis point prevalence clustering could not be fully explained by infrastructure damage alone, and other factors influenced the recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence. However, the results of this research suggest that there was a tenuous, indirect relationship between recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors: earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction and FAC-NC. Two ECs were opened as part of the post-earthquake response in areas with severe infrastructure damage and liquefaction (BEC and CEC). The third EC (CEC) provided important lessons that were learnt from the previous September 4, 2010 earthquake, and implemented after the February 22, 2011 earthquake. The ECs were selected to represent the Christchurch area, and were situated where potential for gastroenteritis was high. BEC represented the western side of Christchurch; whilst, CEC and LEC represented the eastern side, where the potential for gastroenteritis was high according to the outputs of the quantitative spatial modelling. Qualitative analysis from the interviews at the ECs revealed that evacuees were arriving at the ECs with gastroenteritis-like symptoms. Participants believed that those symptoms did not originate at the ECs. Two types of interwoven themes identified: direct and indirect. The direct themes were preventive protocols that included prolific use of hand sanitisers; surveillance; and the services offered. Indirect themes included the EC layout, type of EC building (school or a sports stadium), and EC staff. Indirect themes governed the quality and sustainability of the direct themes implemented, which in turn averted gastroenteritis outbreaks at the ECs. The main limitations of the research were Modifiable Areal Units (MAUP), data detection, and memory loss. It was concluded that gastroenteritis point prevalence following the February 22, 2011 earthquake could not be solely explained by earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction, and gastroenteritis causative agents alone. However, this research provides a practical method that can be adapted to assess gastroenteritis risk in a post-earthquake environment. Creating a damage profile for each CAU and using spatial data analysis can isolate vulnerable areas, and qualitative data analysis provides localised information. Thus, this mixed method approach can be used in other disaster contexts to study gastroenteritis prevalence, and can serve as an appendage to the existing framework for assessing infectious diseases. Furthermore, the lessons learnt from qualitative analysis can inform the current infectious disease management plans, designed for a post-disaster response in New Zealand and internationally.
A document outlying the initial evaluation process for building occupancy on campus after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
A photograph of a police car blocking the road outside Christchurch Art Gallery. The Christchurch Art Gallery was used as the emergency operations centre after the September earthquake.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Emergency Co-ordination Centre in the Christchurch Art Gallery building. Staff at work with paintings in a gallery still on display".
Emergency personnel treating a wounded woman at the medical centre set up in Latimer Square. In the background, earthquake victims can been seen, wrapped in blankets for warmth.
Emergency personnel treating a wounded woman at the medical centre set up in Latimer Square. In the background, earthquake victims can been seen, wrapped in blankets for warmth.
Deputy Administrator for Protection and National Preparedness at the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Tim Manning, photographed in front of rubble from the damaged Cranmer Courts on Montreal Street.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Tony Ryall, Minister of Health, visits Christchurch Hospital to get a status report on how it is coping. Pictured with staff at the Emergency Control Centre at the hospital".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Tony Ryall, Minister of Health, visits Christchurch hospital to get a status report on how it is coping. Pictured with staff at the Emergency Control Centre at the hospital".
Peter Townsend is the Chief Executive of the Canterbury Employers' Chamber of Commerce. He is part of the official reconstruction group. Geert van de Vorsten Bosch is the emergency Centre Supervisor at Linwood High School which has been turned into an evacuation centre. Dr Ramon Pink is the Canterbury medical officer of health. Metservice duty forecaster Heath Gullery speaks about the possible weather issues Canterbury may soon experience.
The 2010 and 2011 earthquakes of Canterbury have had a serious and ongoing effect on Maori in the city (Lambert, Mark-Shadbolt, Ataria, & Black, 2012). Many people had to rely on themselves, their neighbours and their whanau for an extended period in 2011, and some are still required to organise and coordinate various activities such as schooling, health care, work and community activities such as church, sports and recreation in a city beset by ongoing disruption and distress. Throughout the phases of response and recovery, issues of leadership have been implicitly and explicitly woven through both formal and informal investigations and debates. This paper presents the results of a small sample of initial interviews of Maori undertaken in the response and early recovery period of the disaster and discusses some of the implications for Maori urban communities.
The Taiwanese Search and Rescue team (USAR) being farewelled at the Christchurch International Airport after helping out with the emergency response to the Canterbury Earthquake. In the centre is Rob Saunders from the New Zealand Fire Department, and on the right is Kao Wei, Team Leader of the Taiwan USAR team.
The Taiwanese Search and Rescue team being farewelled at the Christchurch International Airport after helping out with the emergency response to the Canterbury Earthquake. To the left is Rob Saunders from the New Zealand Fire Department, centre, Kao Wei Liang, Team Leader of the Taiwan USAR team, and right, the Taiwanese ambassador.
The scale of damage from a series of earthquakes across Christchurch Otautahi in 2010 and 2011 challenged all networks in the city at a time when many individuals and communities were under severe economic pressure. Historically, Maori have drawn on traditional institutions such as whanau, marae, hapu and iwi in their endurance of past crises. This paper presents research in progress to describe how these Maori-centric networks supported both Maori and non-Maori through massive urban dislocation. Resilience to any disaster can be explained by configurations of economic, social and cultural factors. Knowing what has contributed to Maori resilience is fundamental to the strategic enhancement of future urban communities - Maori and non-Maori.