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Images for post-earthquake; more images...

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0476 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0473 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0464 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0474 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0467 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0463 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0469 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0468 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Photos taken in Spreydon Library on April 15 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Spreydon-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0470 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

On Tuesday 22 February 2011, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck Christchurch, New Zealand’s second largest city. The ‘earthquake’ was in fact an aftershock to an earlier 7.1 magnitude earthquake that had occurred on Saturday 4 September 2010. There were a number of key differences between the two events that meant they had dramatically different results for Christchurch and its inhabitants. The 22 February 2011 event resulted in one of New Zealand’s worst natural disasters on record, with 185 fatalities occurring and hundreds more being injured. In addition, a large number of buildings either collapsed or were damaged to the point where they needed to be totally demolished. Since the initial earthquake in September 2010, a large amount of building-related research has been initiated in New Zealand to investigate the impact of the series of seismic events – the major focus of these research projects has been on seismic, structural and geotechnical engineering matters. One project, however, conducted jointly by the University of Canterbury, the Fire Protection Association of New Zealand and BRANZ, has focused on the performance of fire protection systems in the earthquakes and the effectiveness of the systems in the event of post-earthquake fires occurring. Fortunately, very few fires actually broke out following the series of earthquake events in Christchurch, but fire after earthquakes still has significant implications for the built environment in New Zealand, and the collaborative research has provided some invaluable insight into the potential threat posed by post-earthquake fires in buildings. As well as summarising the damage caused to fire protection systems, this paper discusses the flow-on effect for designing structures to withstand post-earthquake fires. One of the underlying issues that will be explored is the existing regulatory framework in New Zealand whereby structural earthquake design and structural design for fire are treated as discrete design scenarios.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

Fatal earthquakes such as that which occurred in Christchurch on February 22nd 2011, can result in survivors having difficulties with cognitively processing the event, which may be the precursor to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Trauma related dissociation has been proposed to be a mechanism related to these cognitive processing difficulties. Most research focusing on information processing and dissociation post-trauma has conducted controlled analogue studies or has not focused solely on information processing and dissociation. There is also scant research on these constructs across therapy. In response to this gap in research, two studies were developed. An association was proposed between dissociation and information processing as demonstrated by an increase in conceptual processing and a reduction in dissociation. It was predicted that an improvement in these constructs would be related to a reduction in PTSD symptoms over therapy. Study1 applied a case-study design to 5 individuals who were attending therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in response to the trauma they had experienced from the Christchurch earthquakes. Study 2 assessed information processing and dissociation (via self and observer report) in 20 individuals who had direct exposure to the effects of the earthquake. Earthquake information processing and dissociation were assessed as they were happening nearly two year’s post-quake using correlation analyses and hierarchical regressions. The hypotheses were partially confirmed, in that an increase in conceptual processing was not shown to be associated with a reduction in dissociation. However, an increase in conceptual processing was shown to be related to trauma symptom improvement particularly for re-experiencing symptoms. In addition, study 2 demonstrated a possible relationship between trait dissociation and arousal symptoms. These findings partially support the proposed role information processing and dissociation play in the recovery from PTSD. The findings suggest that trauma related difficulties should be assessed as early as possible to resolve issues related to a delay in symptom reporting.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings designed according to modern design standards achieved life-safety objectives during the Canterbury earthquakes in 2010-11 and the Kaikōura earthquake in 2016. These buildings formed ductile plastic hinges as intended and partial or total building collapse was prevented. However, despite the fact that the damage level of these buildings was relatively low to moderate, over 60% of multi-storey RC buildings in the Christchurch central business district were demolished due to insufficient insurance coverage and significant uncertainty in the residual capacity and repairability of those buildings. This observation emphasized an imperative need to improve understanding in evaluating the post-earthquake performance of earthquake-damaged buildings and to develop relevant post-earthquake assessment guidelines. This thesis focuses on improving the understanding of the residual capacity and repairability of RC frame buildings. A large-scale five-storey RC moment-resisting frame building was tested to investigate the behaviour of earthquake-damaged and repaired buildings. The original test building was tested with four ground motions, including two repeated design-level ground motions. Subsequently, the test building was repaired using epoxy injection and mortar patching and re-tested with three ground motions. The test building was assessed using key concepts of the ATC-145 post-earthquake assessment guideline to validate its assessment procedures and highlight potential limitations. Numerical models were developed to simulate the peak storey drift demand and identify damage locations. Additionally, fatigue assessment of steel reinforcement was conducted using methodologies as per ATC-145. The residual capacity of earthquake-strained steel reinforcement was experimentally investigated in terms of the residual fatigue capacity and the residual ultimate strain capacity. In addition to studying the fatigue capacity of steel reinforcement, the fatigue damage demand was estimated using 972 ground motion records. The deformation limit of RC beams and columns for damage control was explored to achieve a low likelihood of requiring performance-critical repair. A frame component test database was developed, and the deformation capacity at the initiation of lateral strength loss was examined in terms of the chord rotation, plastic rotation and curvature ductility capacity. Furthermore, the proposed curvature ductility capacity was discussed with the current design curvature ductility limits as per NZS 3101:2006.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Skateboard art at Redwood Photos taken in Redwood Library on April 8 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Redwood-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0443 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Bright and airy Photos taken in Redwood Library on April 8 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Redwood-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0438 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Bright and blue Redwood Library. Photos taken in Redwood Library on April 8 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Redwood-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0445 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Bright and airy Photos taken in Redwood Library on April 8 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Redwood-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0439 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Comfortable spot to read. Photos taken in Redwood Library on April 8 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Redwood-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0442 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Delivering the books. Photos taken in Redwood Library on April 8 following the February 22 earthquake. File reference: CCL-2011-04-08-Redwood-After-The-Earthquake-IMG_0437 From the collection of Christchurch City Libraries