shovelled out of peoples properties.
It would have been a glorious Spring day in Christchurch had it not been for the magnitude 7.1 earthquake at 4:30 am. All the water and silt you can see covering the street in this photo erupted from the ground following the earthquake.
This has made a huge mess for the residents to clean up. I heard on the news that homes have been damaged by subsidence in areas of earthquake-caused liquefaction like this.
Sand volcano of liquefaction silt outside McDonald Hartshorne on Manchester Street.
A sand volcano in the Halswell Primary School grounds. Sand volcanoes were caused by liquefaction where the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.
A 'sand volcano' of liquefaction silt in Bexley. The photographer comments, "Liquefaction is just a mixture of sand and water squeezed up from the ground, but with a little imagination it has a beauty in its untouched state".
Sand volcanoes put the silt all over the road.
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Artwork by the Sand Dancer, New Brighton Beach".
Photograph captioned by BeckerFraserPhotos, "Sand volcanoes in the Heathcote Estuary".
One of the many sand volcanos erupting from the ground after the Christchurch earthquake.
Laura and Max return to Christchurch from their holiday in California and inspect the earthquake-caused sand volcano in their front lawn.
A "sand volcano" of liquefaction silt.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
A "sand volcano" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcano was caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Sand volcanoes" in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction, where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volunteers clearing out sand".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Volunteers clearing out sand".
Paradise ducks search for food among 'sand volcanoes' in the Heathcote Estuary. The volcanoes were caused by liquefaction where the soil lost its strength and water erupted out of the hole, taking silt with it.
Students from the University of Canterbury marine research unit taking samples of the seabed to test the effects of the liquefaction on marine life.
A map of Christchurch soils.
A typical "sand volcano" caused by liquefaction where the soil loses its strength during the earthquake and the silt rises upwards, ejecting out of a hole like magma in a volcano.
An entry from Deb Robertson's blog for 11 July 2013 entitled, "Do you ever feel like you are walking through deep sand?".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Kaiapoi volunteers clearing out sand".
A "sand volcano" of liquefaction silt in a garden.
A box containing drilling cores from soil sampling. The photographer comments, "These are the samples from drilling near my home. As you can see they are not so much samples as sand piles. The drill in a nearby street went down 20m and it was sand all the way. This is the box of samples from the ground level to 4.6m deep".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Sand volcanos on farmland near Halswell".
Photograph captioned by Fairfax, "Sand volcanos on farmland near Halswell".