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Images for Seismicity; more images...

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This shop at the Colombo Street / Tuam Street corner lost its side wall in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The ground literally opened up! On the previously unknown faultline along which the Saturday 4 September 2010 earthquake originated.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The ground literally opened up! On the previously unknown faultline along which the Saturday 4 September 2010 earthquake originated.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This shop at the Colombo Street / Tuam Street corner lost its side wall in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parts of the facade of the Anglican Community of the Sacred Name building on Barbadoes Street ended on the street during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parts of the facade of the Anglican Community of the Sacred Name building on Barbadoes Street ended on the street during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The ground literally opened up! On the previously unknown faultline along which the Saturday 4 September 2010 earthquake originated.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This shop caught fire when power restored caused sparks that ignited leaking gas, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Colombo Street was eerily quiet and deserted during the Tuesday evening rush hour, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Red stickered building means no access, and the building may be condemned if it cannot be repaired; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The belfry of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square was reduced to rubble by the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Cracks in the parapet of this beautiful Madras Street building that I walk past to / from work everyday; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Cracks in the parapet of this beautiful Madras Street building that I walk past to / from work everyday; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Cracks in the beam of this beautiful Madras Street building that I walk past to / from work everyday; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Red stickered door means that this pub on Madras Street is no-go due to structural damage suffered in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Yellow stickered building means restricted access, and the building will need to be repaired and certified fit for use; aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Deserted Tuam Street which is always busy during Tuesday evening rush hour, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The belfry of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square was reduced to rubble by the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Deserted Tuam Street which is always busy during Tuesday evening rush hour, in the aftermath of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The Dick Smith Electronics shops at St Asaph Street / Colombo Street was extensively damaged in the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

There will be some very upset kids this Christmas, as Santa will not be able to deliver their presents; aftermath of the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

The belfry of the St John the Baptist Church at Latimer Square was reduced to rubble by the magnitude 7,1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Part of the parapet fell off from this Burger King outlet on Bealey Ave during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on Saturday 4 September 2010.

Research papers, The University of Auckland Library

New Zealand's devastating Canterbury earthquakes provided an opportunity to examine the efficacy of existing regulations and policies relevant to seismic strengthening of vulnerable buildings. The mixed-methods approach adopted, comprising both qualitative and quantitative approaches, revealed that some of the provisions in these regulations pose as constraints to appropriate strengthening of earthquake-prone buildings. Those provisions include the current seismic design philosophy, lack of mandatory disclosure of seismic risks and ineffective timeframes for strengthening vulnerable buildings. Recommendations arising from these research findings and implications for pre-disaster mitigation for future earthquake and Canterbury's post-disaster reconstruction suggest: (1) a reappraisal of the requirements for earthquake engineering design and construction, (2) a review and realignment of all regulatory frameworks relevant to earthquake risk mitigation, and (3) the need to develop a national programme necessary to achieve consistent mitigation efforts across the country. These recommendations are important in order to present a robust framework where New Zealand communities such as Christchurch can gradually recover after a major earthquake disaster, while planning for pre-disaster mitigation against future earthquakes. AM - Accepted Manuscript

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of a panel discussion at the 2014 Seismics and the City forum. The theme of this section was Building Momentum, and it addressed panellists' views on the progress of the rebuild, the main obstacles, and how they can be resolved. The panellists are as follows: Christchurch Mayor Lianne Dalziel; Waimakariri Mayor David Ayers; Roger Sutton, CEO of CERA; Ian Simpson, CEO of the NZ Earthquake Commission; Peter Townsend, CEO of Canterbury Employers' Chamber of Commerce; and Joanna Norris, Editor of The Press.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

An as-built reinforced concrete (RC) frame building designed and constructed according to pre-1970s code design construction practice has been recently tested on the shake table at the University of Canterbury. The specimen, 1/2.5 scaled version of the original prototype, consists of two 3-storey 2-bay asymmetric frames in parallel, one interior and one exterior, jointed together by transverse beams and floor slabs. Following the benchmark test, a retrofit intervention has been proposed to rehabilitate the tested specimen. In this paper, detailed information on the assessment and design of the seismic retrofit procedure using GFRP (glass fibre reinforced polymer) materials is given for the whole frame. Hierarchy of strength and sequence of events (damage mechanisms) in the panel zone region are evaluated using a moment-axial load (M-N) interaction performance domain, according to a performance-based retrofit philosophy. Specific limit states or design objectives are targeted with attention given to both strength and deformation limits. In addition, an innovative retrofit solution using FRP anchor dowels for the corner beam-column joints with slabs is proposed. Finally, in order to provide a practical tool for engineering practice, the retrofit procedure is provided in a step-by step flowchart fashion.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

This dissertation addresses a diverse range of topics in the physics-based broadband ground motion simulation, with a focus on New Zealand applications. In particular the following topics are addressed: the methodology and computational implementation of a New Zealand Velocity Model for broadband ground motion simulation; generalised parametric functions and spatial correlations for seismic velocities in the Canterbury, New Zealand region from surface-wave-based site characterisation; and ground motion simulations of Hope Fault earthquakes. The paragraphs below outline each contribution in more detail. A necessary component in physics-based ground motion simulation is a 3D model which details the seismic velocities in the region of interest. Here a velocity model construction methodology, its computational implementation, and application in the construction of a New Zealand velocity model for use in physics-based broadband ground motion simulation are presented. The methodology utilises multiple datasets spanning different length scales, which is enabled via the use of modular sub-regions, geologic surfaces, and parametric representations of crustal velocity. A number of efficiency-related workflows to decrease the overall computational construction time are employed, while maintaining the flexibility and extensibility to incorporate additional datasets and re- fined velocity parameterizations as they become available. The model comprises explicit representations of the Canterbury, Wellington, Nelson-Tasman, Kaikoura, Marlborough, Waiau, Hanmer and Cheviot sedimentary basins embedded within a regional travel-time tomography-based velocity model for the shallow crust and provides the means to conduct ground motion simulations throughout New Zealand for the first time. Recently developed deep shear-wave velocity profiles in Canterbury enabled models that better characterise the velocity structure within geologic layers of the Canterbury sedimentary basin to be developed. Here the development of depth- and Vs30-dependent para-metric velocity and spatial correlation models to characterise shear-wave velocities within the geologic layers of the Canterbury sedimentary basin are presented. The models utilise data from 22 shear-wave velocity profiles of up to 2.5km depth (derived from surface wave analysis) juxtaposed with models which detail the three-dimensional structure of the geologic formations in the Canterbury sedimentary basin. Parametric velocity equations are presented for Fine Grained Sediments, Gravels, and Tertiary layer groupings. Spatial correlations were developed and applied to generate three-dimensional stochastic velocity perturbations. Collectively, these models enable seismic velocities to be realistically represented for applications such as 3D ground motion and site response simulations. Lastly the New Zealand velocity model is applied to simulate ground motions for a Mw7.51 rupture of the Hope Fault using a physics-based simulation methodology and a 3D crustal velocity model of New Zealand. The simulation methodology was validated for use in the region through comparison with observations for a suite of historic small magnitude earthquakes located proximal to the Hope Fault. Simulations are compared with conventionally utilised empirical ground motion models, with simulated peak ground velocities being notably higher in regions with modelled sedimentary basins. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken where the source characteristics of magnitude, stress parameter, hypocentre location and kinematic slip distribution were varied and an analysis of their effect on ground motion intensities is presented. It was found that the magnitude and stress parameter strongly influenced long and short period ground motion amplitudes, respectively. Ground motion intensities for the Hope Fault scenario are compared with the 2016 Kaikoura Mw7.8 earthquake, it was found that the Kaikoura earthquake produced stronger motions along the eastern South Island, while the Hope Fault scenario resulted in stronger motions immediately West of the near-fault region. The simulated ground motions for this scenario complement prior empirically-based estimates and are informative for mitigation and emergency planning purposes.