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Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

To this extent, modern buildings generally demonstrated good resistance to collapse during the recent earthquakes in New Zealand. However, damage to non-structural elements (NSE) has been persistent during these events. NSEs include secondary systems or components attached to the floors, roofs, and walls of a building or industrial facility that are not explicitly designed to participate in the main vertical or lateral load-bearing mechanism of the structure. They play a major role in the operational and functional aspects of buildings and contribute a major portion of the building’s overall cost. Therefore, they are expected to accommodate the effects of seismic actions such as drifts and accelerations. Typical examples of NSEs include internal non-loadbearing partitions, suspended ceilings, sprinkler piping systems, architectural claddings, building contents, mechanical/electrical equipment, and furnishings. The main focus of this thesis is the drift sensitive NSEs: precast concrete cladding panels and internal partition walls. Even though most precast concrete cladding panels performed well from a life-safety point of view during recent earthquakes in NZ, some collapsed panels posed a significant threat to life safety. It is, therefore, important that the design and detailing of the panel-to-structure connections ensure that their strength and displacement capacity are adequate to meet the corresponding seismic demands, at least during design level earthquakes. In contrast, the partition wall is likely to get damaged and lose serviceability at a low inter-story drift unless designed to accommodate the relative deformations between them and the structure. Partition walls suffered wide-ranging damage such as screw failures, diagonal cracking, detachments to the gypsum linings, and anchorage failures during the 2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence in NZ. Therefore, the thesis is divided into two parts. Part I of the thesis focuses on developing novel low-damage precast concrete cladding panel connections, i.e. “rocking” connection details comprising vertically slotted steel embeds and weld plates. The low-damage seismic performance of novel “rocking” connection details is verified through experimental tests comprising uni-directional, bi-directional, and multi-storey scaled quasi-static cyclic tests. Comparison with the seismic performance of traditional panel connections reported in the literature demonstrated the system’s significantly improved seismic resilience. Furthermore, the finite element models of panel connections and sealants are developed in ABAQUS. The force-drift responses of the “rocking” panel system modelled in SAP2000 is compared with the experimental results to evaluate their accuracy and validity. Part II of the thesis focuses on a) understanding the seismic performance of traditional rigid timber-framed partition wall, b) development and verification of low-damage connections (i.e. “rocking” connection details comprising of dual-slot tracks), and c) seismic evaluation of partition walls with a novel “bracketed and slotted” connections (comprising of innovative fastener and plastic bracket named Flexibracket) under uni-directional and bidirectional quasi-static cyclic loadings. Moreover, parametric investigation of the partition walls was conducted through several experimental tests to understand better the pros and cons of the rocking connection details. The experimental results have confirmed that the implementation of the proposed low damage solutions of precast cladding panels and internal partition walls can significantly reduce their damage in a building.

Videos, UC QuakeStudies

A video of a panel summary at the 2015 Seismics and the City forum, featuring Hon. Nicky Wagner, Associate Minister for the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery; John Ombler, Acting CEO of CERA; Ian Townsend, CEO of CERA; Raf Manji, Finance Spokesperson at the Christchurch City Council; Peter Townsend, CEO of Canterbury Employers Chamber of Commerce; and Joanna Norris, Editor of The Press.

Articles, UC QuakeStudies

This study compiled and tabulated all relevant available information on earthquake sources (active faults) in Canterbury and mapped the fault locations onto 1:50,000 or 1:250,000 overlays on topographic maps (later digitised into the Environment Canterbury active faults database). The study also reviewed information on historic earthquakes, instrumental seismicity and paleoseismic studies and identified information gaps. It recommended an approach for a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and development of earthquake scenarios. See Object Overview for background and usage information.

Research papers, University of Canterbury Library

The need for a simple but rigorous seismic assessment procedure to predict damage to reinforced concrete buildings during a seismic event has been highlighted following the Canterbury Earthquake sequence. Such simplified assessment procedure, applied to individual structure or large building inventory, should not only have low requirement in terms of input information and involve straightforward analyses, but also should be capable to provide reliable predictive results within short timeframe. This research provides a general overview and critical comparison of alternative simplified assessment procedures adopted in NZSEE 2006 Guidelines (Assessment and Improvement of the Structural Performance of Buildings in Earthquakes), ASCE 41-13 (Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings), and EN: 1998-3: 2005 (Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings). Particular focus is given to the evaluation of the capability of Simplified Lateral Mechanism Analysis (SLaMa), which is an analytical pushover method adopted in NZSEE 2006 Guidelines. The predictive results from SLaMa are compared to damages observed for a set of reinforced concrete buildings in Christchurch, as well as the results from more detailed assessment procedure based on numerical modelling. This research also suggests improvements to SLaMa, together with validation of the improvements, to include assessment of local mechanism by strength hierarchy evaluation, as well as to develop assessment of global mechanism including post-yield mechanism sequence based on local mechanism.

Audio, Radio New Zealand

Civil Engineer Professor Jason Ingham discusses his extensive projects investigating seismic retrofit of structures in earthquake regions he's been to over the past 12 months, Indonesia, Chile and of course, Christchurch.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Police cordoned off roads to the CBD following the magnitude 7 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Police cordoned off roads to the CBD following the magnitude 7 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Police cordoned off roads to the CBD following the magnitude 7 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Facade and roof of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Every house has a roof ..... aftermath of a magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Facade and roof of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Police cordoned off roads to the CBD following the magnitude 7 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Facade and roof of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This shop lost its gable during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This building lost its parapet during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This building lost its parapet during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Parapet of this building collapsed during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Christchurch on Saturday 4-9-2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

This building lost its parapet during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Building facade reduced to rubble during the magnitude 7.1 eathquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Building parapet reduced to rubble during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.

Images, eqnz.chch.2010

Building parapet reduced to rubble during the magnitude 7.1 earthquake that struck Christchurch on 4 September 2010.