Members of Civil Defence reacting to an aftershock during a briefing in the Christchurch Art Gallery a few hours after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence reacting to an aftershock during a briefing in the Christchurch Art Gallery a few hours after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
The west side of the Arts Centre further damaged by an aftershock after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. The tower on the corner has crumbled, and the masonry fallen onto the pavement below.
Members of Civil Defence outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of the emergency management teams conferring outside of the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock has hit. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence leaving the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence sitting outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence standing outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence on laptops outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence on laptops outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Attendees of the 2011 United States New Zealand Partnership Forum conferring with a member of the Earthquake Commission outside the Christchurch Art Gallery. In the background, members of Civil Defence have gathered after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Members of Civil Defence with a pile of medical supplies outside the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
An attendee of the 2011 United States New Zealand Partnership Forum outside the Christchurch Art Gallery. In the background, members of Civil Defence have gathered after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Attendees of the 2011 United States New Zealand Partnership Forum outside the Christchurch Art Gallery. In the background, members of Civil Defence have gathered after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
A photographer outside the Christchurch Art Gallery. Behind him, members of Civil Defence have gathered outside after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
Mayor Bob Parker entering the Christchurch Art Gallery after an aftershock hit during one of their briefings. A pile of shattered glass is in the main doorway. The Christchurch Art Gallery served as the headquarters for Civil Defence after the 22 February 2011 earthquake.
A view looking south down Durham Street during the aftermath of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. On the left are the ruins of the historic stone Provincial Council Legislative Chamber. The building's roof and walls have already collapsed, as has the scaffolding which was erected to repair it after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. An aftershock has caused masonry to dislodge from the building, sending dust into the air.
A view looking south down Durham Street during the aftermath of the 22 February 2011 earthquake. On the left are the ruins of the historic stone Provincial Council Legislative Chamber. The building's roof and walls have already collapsed, as has the scaffolding which was erected to repair it after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. An aftershock has caused masonry to dislodge from the building, sending dust into the air.
A post on the NZ Raw blog written by Mark Lincoln on 4 September 2010. Mark says, "This is the first [blog post] I wrote on 4th Sept. I always remember an announcer on the radio having the first on-air interview with Geonet/EQC (obviously only 1 or 2 staff members at that stage!). The announcer asked if the aftershocks would carry on for much longer and the Geonet guy said they could carry on for a few weeks. Radio announcer seemed shocked".
A view looking west down Tuam Street across the High Street intersection. Road cones line the street. The photographer comments, "This was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the a gable of the Cranmer Courts on the corner of Kilmore and Montreal Street. Wooden bracing has been used to hold the rest of the stones together, and neon tape has been wrapped around the other gables to help keep them secure during aftershocks.
A photograph of the earthquake damage to the a gable of the Cranmer Courts on the corner of Kilmore and Montreal Street. Wooden bracing has been used to hold the rest of the stones together, and neon tape has been wrapped around the other gables to help keep them secure during aftershocks.
Damaged buildings on Manchester Street, seen from the Tuam Street intersection. Police emergency tape cordons off the street. The photographer comments, "This was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".
A photograph of the photocopy template for the Christchurch City Council's yellow sticker. The sticker was used by the Civil Defence after the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes to indicate that a building had been inspected and that structural damage or other safety hazards had been found. The sticker states that there should be no entry to the building, 'except on essential business'. It also states that 'earthquake aftershocks present danger' and that people who enter must do so at their own risk.
A police officer talks to the driver of a NZ Post truck at a cordon across Tuam Street. Military personnel stand nearby. The photographer comments, "this was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".
People walk along Tuam Street carrying bags and boxes. Brick dust covers the street where fallen bricks have been cleared, and on the left emergency tapes cordons off Manchester Street. The photographer comments, "This was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".
Two men carry backpacks and shopping bags along Tuam Street, stepping over emergency tape that lies across the road. Brick dust covers the street where fallen bricks have been cleared. The photographer comments, "Two members of our office carrying gear through the cordon. This was taken shortly after the 4th September earthquake. Police allowed us free access past the cordon and simply advised us to watch out for falling masonry. The access situation was much different after the February aftershock".
A video of a presentation by Professor David Johnston during the fourth plenary of the 2016 People in Disasters Conference. Johnston is a Senior Scientist at GNS Science and Director of the Joint Centre for Disaster Research in the School of Psychology at Massey University. The presentation is titled, "Understanding Immediate Human Behaviour to the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, Implications for injury prevention and risk communication".The abstract for the presentation reads as follows: The 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquake sequences have given us a unique opportunity to better understand human behaviour during and immediately after an earthquake. On 4 September 2010, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred near Darfield in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. There were no deaths, but several thousand people sustained injuries and sought medical assistance. Less than 6 months later, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurred under Christchurch City at 12:51 p.m. on 22 February 2011. A total of 182 people were killed in the first 24 hours and over 7,000 people injured overall. To reduce earthquake casualties in future events, it is important to understand how people behaved during and immediately after the shaking, and how their behaviour exposed them to risk of death or injury. Most previous studies have relied on an analysis of medical records and/or reflective interviews and questionnaire studies. In Canterbury we were able to combine a range of methods to explore earthquake shaking behaviours and the causes of injuries. In New Zealand, the Accident Compensation Corporation (a national health payment scheme run by the government) allowed researchers to access injury data from over 9,500 people from the Darfield (4 September 2010) and Christchurch (22 February 2011 ) earthquakes. The total injury burden was analysed for demography, context of injury, causes of injury, and injury type. From the injury data inferences into human behaviour were derived. We were able to classify the injury context as direct (immediate shaking of the primary earthquake or aftershocks causing unavoidable injuries), and secondary (cause of injury after shaking ceased). A second study examined people's immediate responses to earthquakes in Christchurch New Zealand and compared responses to the 2011 earthquake in Hitachi, Japan. A further study has developed a systematic process and coding scheme to analyse earthquake video footage of human behaviour during strong earthquake shaking. From these studies a number of recommendations for injury prevention and risk communication can be made. In general, improved building codes, strengthening buildings, and securing fittings will reduce future earthquake deaths and injuries. However, the high rate of injuries incurred from undertaking an inappropriate action (e.g. moving around) during or immediately after an earthquake suggests that further education is needed to promote appropriate actions during and after earthquakes. In New Zealand - as in US and worldwide - public education efforts such as the 'Shakeout' exercise are trying to address the behavioural aspects of injury prevention.